AUTHOR=Guo Hongbo , Liu Weiye , Xie Yuqi , Wang Zhenyu , Huang Chentong , Yi Jingfang , Yang Zhaoqian , Zhao Jiachen , Yu Xiaodan , Sibirina Lidiya Alekseevna 

TITLE=Soil microbiome of shiro reveals the symbiotic relationship between Tricholoma bakamatsutake and Quercus mongolica

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361117

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361117

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Tricholoma bakamatsutake</italic> is a delicious and nutritious ectomycorrhizal fungus. However, its cultivation is hindered owing to limited studies on its symbiotic relationships. The symbiotic relationship between <italic>T. bakamatsutake</italic> and its host is closely related to the shiro, a complex network composed of mycelium, mycorrhizal roots, and surrounding soil. To explore the symbiotic relationship between <italic>T. bakamatsutake</italic> and its host, soil samples were collected from <italic>T. bakamatsutake</italic> shiro (Tb) and corresponding <italic>Q. mongolica</italic> rhizosphere (CK) in four cities in Liaoning Province, China. The physicochemical properties of all the soil samples were then analyzed, along with the composition and function of the fungal and bacterial communities. The results revealed a significant increase in total potassium, available nitrogen, and sand in Tb soil compared to those in CK soil, while there was a significant decrease in pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and silt. The fungal community diversity in shiro was diminished, and <italic>T. bakamatsutake</italic> altered the community structure of its shiro by suppressing other fungi, such as <italic>Russula</italic> (ectomycorrhizal fungus) and <italic>Penicillium</italic> (phytopathogenic fungus). The bacterial community diversity in shiro increased, with the aggregation of mycorrhizal-helper bacteria, such as <italic>Paenibacillus</italic> and <italic>Bacillus</italic>, and plant growth-promoting bacteria, such as <italic>Solirubrobacter</italic> and <italic>Streptomyces</italic>, facilitated by <italic>T. bakamatsutake</italic>. Microbial functional predictions revealed a significant increase in pathways associated with sugar and fat catabolism within the fungal and bacterial communities of shiro. The relative genetic abundance of carboxylesterase and gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase in the fungal community was significantly increased, which suggested a potential symbiotic relationship between <italic>T. bakamatsutake</italic> and <italic>Q. mongolica</italic>. These findings elucidate the microbial community and relevant symbiotic environment to better understand the relationship between <italic>T. bakamatsutake</italic> and <italic>Q. mongolica</italic>.</p>