AUTHOR=Long Yong , Xiao Wen , Zhao Yanpin , Yuan Chao , Wang Defeng , Yang Yang , Su Chaozhi , Paengkoum Pramote , Han Yong 

TITLE=Effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residues on growth performance, apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indicators, rumen fermentation and microbial of Guizhou black goat

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347853

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347853

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of <italic>Flammulina velutipes</italic> mushroom residue (FVMR) in a fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet on the fattening effect and rumen microorganisms in Guizhou black male goats.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats were allocated into two groups using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experimental design. The average initial weight was 22.41 ± 0.90 kg and with 11 goats in each group. The control group (group I) was fed the traditional fermentation total mixed ration (FTMR) diet without FVMR. Group II was fed the 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The results showed that compared with group I, the addition of FVMR in the goat diet could reduce the feed cost and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of group II (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01). Notably, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and dry matter (DM) were higher in group II (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01). The levels of growth hormone (GH), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in group II were higher than that of group I (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01), which the level of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was noticeably lower than that of group I (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01). 30% FVMR in FTMR diets had no effect on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition at the phylum level of Guizhou black male goats (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05). However, at the genus level, the relative abundance of <italic>bacteroidal_bs11_gut_group</italic>, <italic>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</italic> and <italic>Desulfovibrio</italic> in group II was lower than in group I (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05), and the relative abundance of <italic>Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group</italic> was higher than in group I (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet improves rumen fermentation and rumen microbial composition in Guizhou black male goats, which improves growth performance, apparent digestibility, and immunity.</p></sec>