AUTHOR=Tajik Alireza , Samadlouie Hamid Reza , Salek Farrokhi Amir , Ghasemi Amir 

TITLE=Optimization of chemical conditions for metabolites production by Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology and investigation of antimicrobial as well as anticancer activities

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280405

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280405

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Ganoderma lucidum</italic> (<italic>G. lucidum</italic>) is a medicinal mushroom that is known for its ability to produce compounds with physiological effects on human health. This research was undertaken to amplify the production of bioactive components of <italic>G. lucidum</italic> under optimal cultivation conditions, obtained in a submerged state and utilized in solid state fermentation, with the purpose of enhancing antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The results indicated that titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs), magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO<sub>2</sub> NPs), and B6, along with glucose syrup and CLS syrups, were the most effective for producing GA, while wheat starch and whey protein, along with MgO<sub>2</sub> NPs and B6 vitamin, stimulated polysaccharide production using the One Factor at a Time (OFAT) method. After screening, the response surface method (RSM) statistically indicated that the media containing 42.11 g/L wheat starch with 22 g/L whey protein and 50 g/L glucose syrup with 30 g/L CSL were found to be the best conditions for polysaccharide (21.47% of dry weight biomass) and GA (20.35 mg/g dry weight biomass) production, respectively. The moss of the fruit body of <italic>G. lucidum</italic> produced under optimal GA conditions had the highest diversity in flavonoids and phenolic acids and significant antimicrobial activity against <italic>Esherichia coli</italic> (<italic>E. coli</italic>) and <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> (<italic>B. subtilis</italic>). In addition, the IC50 levels of shell and stem of <italic>G. lucidum</italic> were 465.3 and 485.7 μg/mL, respectively, while the moss did not reach 50% inhibition. In the end, the statistical approaches utilized in this research to elevate the levels of bioactive components in the fruiting body of <italic>G. lucidum</italic> produced a promising natural source of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.</p>