AUTHOR=Carbonne Celia , Chadi Sead , Kropp Camille , Molimard Lise , Chain Florian , Langella Philippe , Martin Rebeca 

TITLE=Ligilactobacillus salivarius CNCM I-4866, a potential probiotic candidate, shows anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270974

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270974

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1001"><title>Introduction</title><p>The aim of this work was to characterize a new strain of <italic>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</italic> (CNCM I-4866) (CNCM I-4866) to address its potential as probiotic with a special focus on intestinal inflammation. Potential anti-inflammatory abilities of this strain were evaluated through <italic>in vivo</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments.</p></sec><sec id="sec2001"><title>Methods</title><p>Firstly, the strain was tested in a murine acute inflammation colitis model induced by DNBS. <italic>In vitro</italic> characterization was then performed with diverse tests: modulation capability of intestinal permeability; study of the impact on immunity profile through cytokines dosage; capacity to inhibit pathogens and adhere to intestinal cells lines. Production of metabolites, antibiotic resistance and survival to gastro-intestinal tract conditions were also tested.</p></sec><sec id="sec3001"><title>Results</title><p><italic>In vitro</italic> assay has shown a reduction of colonic damage and markers of inflammation after treatment with CNCM I-4866. Transcriptomic analysis performed on colons showed the capacity of the strain to down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. <italic>L. salivarius</italic> CNCM I-4866 exerted anti-inflammatory profile by reducing IL-8 production by TNF-α stimulated cell and modulated cytokines profile on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). It protected intestinal integrity by increasing trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) on Caco-2 TNF-α inflamed cells. Additionally, <italic>L. salivarius</italic> CNCM I-4866 displayed inhibition capacity on several intestinal pathogens and adhered to eukaryotic cells. Regarding safety and technical concerns, CNCM I-4866 was highly resistant to 0.3% of bile salts and produced mainly L-lactate. Finally, strain genomic characterization allowed us to confirm safety aspect of our strain, with no antibiotic gene resistance found.</p></sec><sec id="sec4001"><title>Discussion</title><p>Taken together, these results indicate that <italic>L. salivarius</italic> CNCM I-4866 could be a good probiotic candidate for intestinal inflammation, especially with its steady anti-inflammatory profile.</p></sec>