AUTHOR=Yu En , Liu Qun , Gao Yugang , Li Yaqi , Zang Pu , Zhao Yan , He Zhongmei 

TITLE=An exploration of mechanism of high quality and yield of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca by the isolation, identification, and evaluation of Mycena

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220670

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220670

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Gastrodia elata</italic> Bl. <italic>f. glauca</italic> is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant. The yield and quality of <italic>Gastrodia elata</italic> Bl. have significantly decreased due to multigenerational asexual reproduction. Therefore, it is necessary to have sexual reproduction of <italic>Gastrodia elata</italic> Bl. to supplement the market supply. Seeds of <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. have no endosperm, and their sexual reproduction depends on the nutrients provided by the embryo cells infected by <italic>Mycena</italic> fungi to complete seed germination. However, <italic>Mycena</italic> fungi are small and have many species, and not all <italic>Mycena</italic> fungi can promote the germination of <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. seeds. Therefore, it is of great significance to isolate and identify suitable germination fungi and explore the mechanism for improving the production performance and yield, and quality of <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. Six closely related <italic>Mycena</italic> isolates, JFGL-01, JFGL-02, JFGL-03, JFGL-04, JFGL-05, and JFGL-06, were isolated from the leaves and protocorms of <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. <italic>f. glauca</italic> and were identified as <italic>Mycena purpureofusca</italic>. The mycelial state and number of germinating protocorms were used as indicators to preferentially select <italic>Mycena</italic> fungi, and it was concluded that JFGL-06 had the best mycelial state and ability to germinate <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. seeds. Finally, a mechanism to increase the yield of <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. was explored by comparing the changes in nutrient elements and microbial diversity in the soil around <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. with different strains. JFGL-06 proved to be an excellent <italic>Mycena</italic> fungal strain suitable for <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. <italic>f. glauca</italic>. Compared with the commercial strain, JFGL-06 significantly increased the C, N, Na, Mg, S, Cl, K, Ca, and Fe contents of the soil surrounding the protocorms of <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. <italic>f. glauca</italic>. JFGL-06 improved the composition, diversity, and metabolic function of the surrounding soil microbial community of <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. <italic>f. glauca</italic> protocorms at the phylum, class, and genus levels, significantly increased the relative abundance of bacteria such as <italic>Acidobacteria</italic> and fungi such as <italic>Trichoderma</italic> among the dominant groups, and increased the abundance of functional genes in metabolic pathways such as nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism. There was a significant reduction in the relative abundance of bacteria, such as <italic>Actinomycetes,</italic> and fungi, such as <italic>Fusarium,</italic> in the dominant flora, and a reduced abundance of functional genes, such as amino acid metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism. This is the main reason why the JFGL-06 strain promoted high-quality and high-yield <italic>G. elata</italic> Bl. <italic>f. glauca</italic> in Changbai Mountain.</p>