Debarati Paul1†
Justyna Bohacz
Shashi Kant Bhatia- 1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
- 2Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- 3Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 4Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Editorial on the Research Topic
Biowaste valorization utilizing microbial systems
The demand for energy resources and chemicals is continuously increasing around the globe due to the ever-increasing population and industrialization (Sinha et al., 2021; Kang et al., 2023). The use of microbial cell factories is getting attention to valorize waste into valuable products (biofuel, fertilizers, pigments, enzymes, etc.) due to its eco-friendly nature and ability to generate revenue simultaneously (Bohacz et al., 2020; Vinayak et al., 2021; Paul et al., 2023). Optimization of bioprocesses depending on the organisms' nutritional requirement, cultivation conditions, and involvement of cellular metabolic pathways leads to enhanced production of value-added commodities (Bhatia et al., 2023). Microbes also have the potential to decompose complex organic waste into simpler molecules that can be used as fertilizers to improve plant growth and productivity. This Research Topic is focused on the valorization of waste into valuable products utilizing microbial systems and four articles were published (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Word cloud of keywords used in the Research Topic (common words displayed with a larger font).
The first article discusses the use of “mandi” waste to produce carotenoids from oleaginous red yeast Rhodosporidium sp. for cancer treatment. The carotenoid extract was composed of β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin and demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-breast cancer activities. In silico analysis showed good binding energy toward VEGF receptors. Overall the process is sustainable and eco-friendly for carotenoid production from red yeast having anti-breast cancer activities (Sinha et al.).
The second article studied the growth of Lupinus albus using an organic fertilizer matrix (ORGAON®) made from horticultural waste, with the addition of two bacterial strains (Bacillus pretiosus and Pseudomonas agronomica). Results revealed that both bacterial strains added individually to the ORGAON® and sterile ORGAON® (ORGAON®st) organic matrix improved certain plant biometric variables. B. pretiosus enhanced root weight, total weight, plant length, and the number of secondary roots, while P. agronomica improved root length and the number of secondary roots. Genotaxonomic analysis confirmed the suitability of both strains for improving crop yield in fields. Biosafety tests were conducted and yielded positive results (Mora, Fernández Pastrana, Gutiérrez Oliva et al.). The use of chemical fertilizers pollutes soil and groundwater, while agri-food industry waste endangers the environment and human health. To counteract this, natural biofertilizers are made from agricultural waste via microbiological treatments by breaking down the waste into simple molecules. Biosafety is ensured by metagenomic analysis to exclude pathogens. A study characterizes a biofertilizer from agricultural waste and tests the addition of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) P. agronomica and B. pretiosus, individually and in a consortium. Eubacterial and archaebacterial strains have been identified and proven to be non-pathogenic. The biofertilizer significantly stimulates Mendicago sativa growth (Mora, Fernández Pastrana, Probanza Lobo et al.). The fourth article assessed the effects of different microbial agents on buffalo manure bedding treatment. The study analyzed temperature, humidity, pH, and microbial distribution. Four agents had a harmless effect, but agent F was the most efficient and cost-effective. The ectopic fermentation bedding treatment process was divided into three periods, with a heating period above 75°C that degraded numerous harmful bacteria. The study provides guidance for manure-resource utilization in cattle farms and mitigating its harmful effects (Niu et al.).
From the content of articles published in this Research Topic, it can be concluded that the application of various types of waste as feedstock for microbial culture for producing carotenoids or biofertilizers, and treatment of buffalo manure to obtain bedding, are promising approaches for a sustainable future. These studies highlight the potential of utilizing microbial systems for waste management and revenue generation, while also promoting environmental sustainability and human health.
Author contributions
SB drafted the Editorial while DP and JB contributed to editing. All authors conceived and designed the work and provided final approval of the version to be published.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge all the authors and reviewers who have contributed to achieving this Research Topic. In addition, we would like to thank the technical support team for their assistance in preparing this Research Topic. The authors acknowledge the KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
Bhatia, S. K., Rajesh Banu, J., Singh, V., Kumar, G., and Yang, Y.-H. (2023). Algal biomass to biohydrogen: Pretreatment, influencing factors, and conversion strategies. Bioresour. Technol. 368, 128332. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128332
Bohacz, J., Mozejko, M., and Kitowski, I. (2020). Arthroderma tuberculatum and Arthroderma multifidum isolated from soils in rook (Corvus frugilegus) colonies as producers of keratinolytic enzymes and mineral forms of N and S. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 17, 9162. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249162
Kang, B.-J., Jeon, J.-M., Bhatia, S. K., Kim, D.-H., Yang, Y.-H., Jung, S., et al. (2023). Two-stage bio-hydrogen and polyhydroxyalkanoate production: Upcycling of spent coffee grounds. Polymers 15, 681. doi: 10.3390/polym15030681
Paul, D., Kumari, P. K., and Siddiqui, N. (2023). Yeast carotenoids: Cost-effective fermentation strategies for health care applications. Fermentation 9, 147. doi: 10.3390/fermentation9020147
Sinha, S., Singh, G., Arora, A., and Paul, D. (2021). Carotenoid production by red yeast isolates grown in agricultural and “Mandi” waste. Waste Biomass Valorizat. 12, 3939–3949. doi: 10.1007/s12649-020-01288-8
Vinayak, V., Khan, M. J., Varjani, S., Saratale, G. D., Saratale, R. G., and Bhatia, S. K. (2021). Microbial fuel cells for remediation of environmental pollutants and value addition: Special focus on coupling diatom microbial fuel cells with photocatalytic and photoelectric fuel cells. J. Biotechnol. 338, 5–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.07.003
Keywords: biowaste, valorization, fertilizer, biofuel, pigment
Citation: Paul D, Bohacz J and Bhatia SK (2023) Editorial: Biowaste valorization utilizing microbial systems. Front. Microbiol. 14:1213598. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213598
Received: 28 April 2023; Accepted: 09 May 2023;
Published: 18 May 2023.
Edited and reviewed by: William James Hickey, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
Copyright © 2023 Paul, Bohacz and Bhatia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Shashi Kant Bhatia, c2hhc2hpYmlvdGVjaGhwdSYjeDAwMDQwO2dtYWlsLmNvbQ==
†These authors have contributed equally to this work