AUTHOR=Guevara-Ramírez Patricia , Cadena-Ullauri Santiago , Paz-Cruz Elius , Tamayo-Trujillo Rafael , Ruiz-Pozo Viviana A. , Zambrano Ana Karina 

TITLE=Role of the gut microbiota in hematologic cancer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185787

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185787

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Hematologic neoplasms represent 6.5% of all cancers worldwide. They are characterized by the uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic and lymphoid cells and a decreased immune system efficacy. Pathological conditions in hematologic cancer could disrupt the balance of the gut microbiota, potentially promoting the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens. In this review, we highlight studies that analyzed and described the role of gut microbiota in different types of hematologic diseases. For instance, myeloma is often associated with <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> and <italic>Clostridium leptum</italic>, while in leukemias, <italic>Streptococcus</italic> is the most common genus, and <italic>Lachnospiraceae</italic> and <italic>Ruminococcaceae</italic> are less prevalent. Lymphoma exhibits a moderate reduction in microbiota diversity. Moreover, certain factors such as delivery mode, diet, and other environmental factors can alter the diversity of the microbiota, leading to dysbiosis. This dysbiosis may inhibit the immune response and increase susceptibility to cancer. A comprehensive analysis of microbiota-cancer interactions may be useful for disease management and provide valuable information on host-microbiota dynamics, as well as the possible use of microbiota as a distinguishable marker for cancer progression.</p>