AUTHOR=Jiang Fei , Gao Yanhua , Peng Zhongli , Ma Xiulian , You Yinjie , Hu Zhibin , He Anxiang , Liao Yupeng 

TITLE=Isoacids supplementation improves growth performance and feed fiber digestibility associated with ruminal bacterial community in yaks

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175880

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175880

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>This study was conducted to assess the effect of mixed isoacid (MI) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient apparent digestibility, growth performance, and rumen bacterial community in yaks.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A 72-h <italic>in vitro</italic> fermentation experiment was performed on an ANKOM RF gas production system. MI was added to five treatments at doses of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% on the dry matter (DM) basis of substrates using a total of 26 bottles (4 bottles per treatment and 2 bottles as the blank). Cumulative gas production was measured at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Fermentation characteristics including pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N), microbial proteins (MCP), and the disappearance rate of dry matter (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) were measured after a 72-h <italic>in vitro</italic> fermentation to determine an optimal MI dose. Fourteen Maiwa male yaks (180–220 kg, 3–4 years old of age) were randomly assigned to the control group (without MI, <italic>n</italic> = 7) and the supplemented MI group (<italic>n</italic> = 7, supplemented with 0.3% MI on DM basis) for the 85-d animal experiment. Growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial diversity were measured.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Supplementation with 0.3% MI achieved the greatest propionate and butyrate content, NDFD and ADFD compared with other groups (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05). Therefore, 0.3% was used for the animal experiment. Supplementation with 0.3% MI significantly increased the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05), and the average daily weight gain of yaks (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) without affecting the ruminal concentration of NH<sub>3</sub>-N, MCP, and VFAs. 0.3% MI induced rumen bacteria to form significantly different communities when compared to the control group (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05). g__norank_f__<italic>Bacteroidales</italic>_BS11_gut_group, g__norank_f__<italic>Muribaculaceae</italic>, g__<italic>Veillonellaceae</italic>_UCG-001, g__<italic>Ruminococcus</italic>_<italic>gauvreauii</italic>_group, g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 and g__<italic>Flexilinea</italic> were identified as the biomarker taxa in responding to supplementation with 0.3% MI. Meanwhile, the abundance of g__<italic>Flexilinea</italic> and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 were significantly positively correlated with the NDF digestibility (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>In conclusion, supplementation with 0.3% MI improved the <italic>in vitro</italic> rumen fermentation characteristics, feed fiber digestibility, and growth performance in yaks, which was associated with changes of the abundance of g__<italic>Flexilinea</italic> and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39.</p></sec>