AUTHOR=Elfiati Deni , Faulina Sarah Asih , Rahayu Laras Murni , Aryanto Aryanto , Dewi Rizna Triana , Rachmat Henti Hendalastuti , Turjaman Maman , Royyani Mohammad Fathi , Susilowati Arida , Hidayat Asep 

TITLE=Culturable endophytic fungal assemblages from Styrax sumatrana and Stryax benzoin and their potential as antifungal, antioxidant, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory resources

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.974526

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.974526

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Benzoin resin, produced by the native Indonesian trees <italic>Styrax sumatrana</italic> and <italic>Styrax benzoin</italic>, has been incorporated into medical practices to treat wounds, erythema, and many other conditions for centuries. Endophytic fungi that reside within medicinal plants have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacities, contributing to plant health and derivative products. In this study, we determined the antifungal, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacities of endophytic fungal isolates from three different tissues (leaves, bark, and stems) of <italic>S. sumatrana</italic> and <italic>S. benzoin</italic> trees. The genera of fungal isolates were determined by phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences. A total of 58 fungal isolates were classified into 15 different fungal genera from eight taxonomic orders—Hypocreales, Botryosphaeriales, Glomerellales, Diaphortales, Pleosporales, Eurotiales, Xylariales, and Mucorales—with a pattern of host species specificity. Among these isolates, <italic>Trichoderma</italic> sp. 6407 consistently exhibited high inhibition of the growth of plant pathogens <italic>Fusarium</italic> sp., <italic>Trichoderma viride</italic>, and <italic>Aspergillus niger</italic>. With respect to antioxidant activity, <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> sp. 6454 consistently showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition (37.59 ± 0.05%), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)-based antioxidant activity (25.04 ± 0.27 mgTE/g), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (52.15 ± 10.08%). <italic>Neopestalotiopsis</italic> sp. 6431 was notably potent in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition (49.65 ± 0.80%), ferric reducing antioxidant power-based antioxidant activity (197.49 ± 8.65 mgTE/g), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (52.88 ± 4.93%). This study revealed that <italic>Trichoderma</italic> sp. 6407, <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> sp. 6454, and <italic>Neopestalotiopsis</italic> sp. 6431 exhibited antifungal, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.</p>