AUTHOR=Prigigallo Maria Isabella , Gómez-Lama Cabanás Carmen , Mercado-Blanco Jesús , Bubici Giovanni 

TITLE=Designing a synthetic microbial community devoted to biological control: The case study of Fusarium wilt of banana

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.967885

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.967885

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Fusarium oxysporum</italic> f. sp. <italic>cubense</italic> (<italic>Foc</italic>) tropical race 4 (TR4) is threatening banana production because of its increasing spread. Biological control approaches have been widely studied and constitute interesting complementary measures to integrated disease management strategies. They have been based mainly on the use of single biological control agents (BCAs). In this study, we moved a step forward by designing a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) for the control of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB). Ninety-six isolates of <italic>Pseudomonas</italic> spp., <italic>Bacillus</italic> spp., <italic>Streptomyces</italic> spp., and <italic>Trichoderma</italic> spp. were obtained from the banana rhizosphere and selected <italic>in vitro</italic> for the antagonism against <italic>Foc</italic> TR4. In pot experiments, a large community such as SynCom 1.0 (44 isolates with moderate to high antagonistic activity) or a small one such as SynCom 1.1 (seven highly effective isolates) provided similar disease control (35% symptom severity reduction). An <italic>in vitro</italic> study of the interactions among SynCom 1.1 isolates and between them and <italic>Foc</italic> revealed that beneficial microorganisms not only antagonized the pathogen but also some of the SynCom constituents. Furthermore, <italic>Foc</italic> defended itself by antagonizing the beneficial microbes. We also demonstrated that fusaric acid, known as one of the secondary metabolites of <italic>Fusarium</italic> species, might be involved in such an interaction. With this knowledge, SynCom 1.2 was then designed with three isolates: <italic>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</italic> subsp. <italic>piscium</italic> PS5, <italic>Bacillus velezensis</italic> BN8.2, and <italic>Trichoderma virens</italic> T2C1.4. A non-simultaneous soil application of these isolates (to diminish cross-inhibition) delayed FWB progress over time, with significant reductions in incidence and severity. SynCom 1.2 also performed better than two commercial BCAs, BioPak<sup>®</sup> and T-Gro. Eventually, SynCom 1.2 isolates were characterized for several biocontrol traits and their genome was sequenced. Our data showed that assembling a SynCom for biocontrol is not an easy task. The mere mixtures of antagonists (e.g., SynCom 1.0 and 1.1) might provide effective biocontrol, but an accurate investigation of the interactions among beneficial microorganisms is needed to improve the results (e.g., SynCom 1.2). SynCom 1.2 is a valuable tool to be further developed for the biological control of FWB.</p>