AUTHOR=Ma Zhoujie , Huang Yufei , Zhang Zhaoran , Liu Xiaodi , Xuan Yuanhu , Liu Bo , Gao Zenggui 

TITLE=Comparative genomic analysis reveals cellulase plays an important role in the pathogenicity of Setosphaeria turcica f. sp. zeae

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.925355

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.925355

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Setosphaeria turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>zeae</italic> and <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>sorghi</italic>, the two formae speciales of <italic>S. turcica</italic>, cause northern leaf blight disease of corn and sorghum, respectively, and often cause serious economic losses. They have obvious physiological differentiation and show complete host specificity. Host specificity is often closely related to pathogen virulence factors, including secreted protein effectors and secondary metabolites. Genomic sequencing can provide more information for understanding the virulence mechanisms of pathogens. However, the complete genomic sequence of <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>sorghi</italic> has not yet been reported, and no comparative genomic information is available for the two formae speciales. In this study, <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>zeae</italic> was predicted to have fewer secreted proteins, pathogen-host interaction (PHI) genes and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) than <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>sorghi</italic>. Fifteen and 20 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes were identified in <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>zeae</italic> and <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>sorghi</italic>, respectively, which maintained high homology. There were eight functionally annotated effector protein-encoding genes specifically in <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>zeae</italic>, among which the encoding gene <italic>StCEL2</italic> of endo-1, 4-β-D-glucanase, an important component of cellulase, was significantly up-regulated during the interaction process. Finally, gluconolactone inhibited cellulase activity and decreased infection rate and pathogenicity, which indicates that cellulase is essential for maintaining virulence. These findings demonstrate that cellulase plays an important role in the pathogenicity of <italic>S. turcica</italic> f. sp. <italic>zeae</italic>. Our results also provide a theoretical basis for future research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of the two formae speciales and for identifying any associated genes.</p>