AUTHOR=Ma Yulin , Chen Xu , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Xiao Jianxin , Alugongo Gibson Maswayi , Liu Shuai , Wang Jingjun , Cao Zhijun 

TITLE=Effect of the Combining Corn Steep Liquor and Urea Pre-treatment on Biodegradation and Hydrolysis of Rice Straw

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.916195

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.916195

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=A novel pretreatment using Corn steep liquor (CSL) and urea was developed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification and degradability of rice straw (RS). We used RS 1) without (Con) or with additives of 2) 5% urea (U), 3) 9% CSL and 2.5% urea (CU) and 4) 9% CSL and 5% urea (C5U). The result showed that the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) conversion of RS reached 69.32% after C5U pretreatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed that the surface of pretreated RS exposed more cellulose and hemicellulose due to the disruption of resistant structure of lignocellulose. Pretreated RS significantly decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents and increased crude protein (CP) content and microbial colonization, and induction of Carnobacterium and Staphylococcus attachment. We concluded that pretreated of a combination of CSL and urea has the potential to improve the nutritive value of rice straw.