AUTHOR=Zheng Tianfei , Zhang Qianying , Li Pinhe , Wu Xinying , Liu Yi , Yang Zhen , Li Dongliang , Zhang Juan , Du Guocheng
TITLE=Analysis of Microbial Community, Volatile Flavor Compounds, and Flavor of Cigar Tobacco Leaves From Different Regions
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology
VOLUME=13
YEAR=2022
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.907270
DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.907270
ISSN=1664-302X
ABSTRACT=
Despite the booming international trade in cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs), the main characteristics of tobacco leaves from different producing areas are rarely reported. This study aimed to characterize the microbial community, volatile flavor compounds (VFCs), and flavor of CTLs from four famous cigar-producing areas, including Dominica, Brazil, Indonesia, and China. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the dominant genera in CTLs were Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Sampaiozyma, and Alternaria. Sensory analysis revealed that Indonesian and Chinese CTLs were characterized by leathery, peppery, and baked aroma. Brazilian CTLs were dominated by caramel and herb aroma. Dominican CTLs had aromas of milk, fruity, sour, cream, flower, nutty, and honey. Supplemented with the determination of volatile flavor compounds (VFCs), the flavor of CTLs could be scientifically quantified. Most of these VFCs were aldehydes and ketones, and 20 VFCs showed significant differences in CTLs from different regions. The microbial community, VFCs, and flavor of CTLs vary widely due to geographic differences. Network analysis revealed the microbial community was closely related to most VFCs, but the relationships between the fungal community and VFCs were less than the bacterial community, and most of them were negative. Furthermore, it also found that the bacterial community had a greater contribution to the flavor of CTLs than the fungal community. This study obtained essential information on CTLs, which laid a foundation for deeply excavating the relationship between microbes and VFCs and flavor, and establishing a tobacco information database.