AUTHOR=Shingote Prashant Raghunath , Wasule Dhiraj Lalji , Parma Vaishnavi Sanjay , Holkar Somnath Kadappa , Karkute Suhas Gorakh , Parlawar Narsing Devanna , Senanayake D. M. J. B. 

TITLE=An Overview of Chili Leaf Curl Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Impact, Challenges, and Disease Management Strategies in Indian Subcontinent

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.899512

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.899512

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Leaf curl disease in a chili plant is caused mainly by <italic>Chili leaf curl virus</italic> (ChiLCV) (Family: <italic>Geminiviridae</italic>, Genus: <italic>Begomovirus</italic>). ChiLCV shows a widespread occurrence in most of the chili (<italic>Capsicum spp</italic>.) growing regions. ChiLCV has a limited host range and infects tomatoes (<italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic>), potatoes (<italic>S. tuberosum</italic>), and amaranth (<italic>Amaranthus tricolor</italic>). The virus genome is a monopartite circular single-stranded DNA molecule of 2.7 kb and associated with α and β-satellites of 1.3 and 1.4 kb, respectively. The virus genome is encapsulated in distinct twinned icosahedral particles of around 18–30 nm in size and transmitted by <italic>Bemisia tabaci</italic> (Family: <italic>Aleyrodidae</italic>, Order: <italic>Hemiptera</italic>). Recently, bipartite begomovirus has been found to be associated with leaf curl disease. The leaf curl disease has a widespread distribution in the major equatorial regions <italic>viz</italic>., Australia, Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. Besides the PCR, qPCR, and LAMP-based detection systems, recently, localized surface-plasmon-resonance (LPSR) based optical platform is used for ChiLCV detection in a 20–40 μl of sample volume using aluminum nanoparticles. Management of ChiLCV is more challenging due to the vector-borne nature of the virus, therefore integrated disease management strategies need to be followed to contain the spread and heavy crop loss. CRISPR/Cas-mediated virus resistance has gained importance in disease management of DNA and RNA viruses due to certain advantages over the conventional approaches. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas system-mediated resistance needs to be explored in chili against ChiLCV.</p>