AUTHOR=Trivedi Abhishek , Gosai Jitendrapuri , Nakane Daisuke , Shrivastava Abhishek 

TITLE=Design Principles of the Rotary Type 9 Secretion System

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.845563

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.845563

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The F<sub>o</sub> ATP synthase, the bacterial flagellar motor, and the bacterial type 9 secretion system (T9SS) are the three known proton motive force driven biological rotary motors. In this review, we summarize the current information on the nuts and bolts of T9SS. Torque generation by T9SS, its role in gliding motility of bacteria, and the mechanism <italic>via</italic> which a T9SS-driven swarm shapes the microbiota are discussed. The knowledge gaps in our current understanding of the T9SS machinery are outlined.</p>