AUTHOR=Abdallah Rim , Kuete Yimagou Edmond , Hadjadj Linda , Mediannikov Oleg , Ibrahim Ahmad , Davoust Bernard , Barciela Amanda , Hernandez-Aguilar R. Adriana , Diatta Georges , Sokhna Cheikh , Raoult Didier , Rolain Jean-Marc , Baron Sophie Alexandra 

TITLE=Population Diversity of Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacterales in Samples From Wildlife Origin in Senegal: Identification of a Multidrug Resistance Transposon Carrying blaCTX–M–15 in Escherichia coli

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.838392

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.838392

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>The role of wildlife in the transmission of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) is suspected but scarcely reported in current studies. Therefore, we studied the dynamics and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <italic>Enterobacterales</italic> in antibiotic-limited areas of Senegal.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>We collected fecal samples from monkeys and apes (N = 226) and non-fecal environmental samples (N = 113) from Senegal in 2015 and 2019. We grew the samples on selective media, subsequently isolated AMR <italic>Enterobacterales</italic>, and then sequenced their genomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We isolated 72 different <italic>Enterobacterales</italic> among which we obtained a resistance rate of 65% for colistin (N = 47/72) and 29% for third generation-cephalosporin (C3G) (29%, N = 21/72). Interestingly, almost 46% of our isolates, among <italic>Enterobacter</italic> sp., <italic>Citrobacter cronae</italic> and <italic>Klebsiella aerogenes</italic>, belong to 34 new STs. Moreover, the genes <italic>bla</italic><sub><italic>CTX</italic>–<italic>M</italic>–15</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub><italic>TEM</italic>1<italic>B</italic></sub>, <italic>sul2</italic>, <italic>dfrA14</italic>, <italic>qnrs</italic>, <italic>aph</italic>(<italic>3′′</italic>), <italic>aph</italic>(<italic>6</italic>), <italic>tetA</italic>, and <italic>tetR</italic> harbored within a transposon on the <italic>IncY</italic> plasmid of ST224 <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> were transferred and inserted into a ST10 <italic>E</italic>. <italic>coli</italic> phage coding region.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Wildlife constitutes a rich, unexplored reservoir of natural microbial diversity, AMR genes and international resistant clones pathogenic in humans. The presence of a transposon that carries AMR genes is intriguing since no antibiotics are used in the non-human primates we studied.</p></sec>