AUTHOR=Xu Ru , Song Dandan , Wang Min , Huang Jieting , Liao Qiao , Shan Zhengang , Rong Xia , Fu Yongshui 

TITLE=Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors for Acquiring HBV Among Li Ethnic in Baisha County, Hainan Island-Subgenotype D3 Was First Discovered in China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.837746

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.837746

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The residents of Baisha, a county of Hainan Island, mainly composed of Li ethnic population and relatively closed living environment with its unique geographical location. Our previous study showed that Li ethnic population of Baisha is an endemic center for hepatitis <italic>C</italic> virus, with significantly higher rates than in other parts of China. However, the epidemiology of HBV in this region remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological survey of HBV in Baisha County, including 1,682 Li ethnic residents. The total seropositive rate for HBsAg was 10.2% and was higher than other parts of China. HBV-positive status was associated with the 20–40-year-old group (OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.04–1.39, <italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.01) and alcohol consumption (OR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.58–2.99, <italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.01). Phylogenetic analysis showed that HBV subgenotype <italic>D3</italic> was predominant in Baisha County which was first discovered in China, followed by <italic>C5</italic>, <italic>C1</italic>, <italic>B2</italic>, and undetermined subgenotypes which were significantly different from other geographical distribution of main genotypes in China. The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the <italic>HBV genotype C</italic> in the Li ethnic of Baisha County was 1846 (95%CI: 1739–1932), and <italic>Baisha-C5</italic> was earlier than <italic>Baisha-C1</italic> and <italic>Baisha-C2</italic>. Most <italic>Baisha-D3</italic> sequences were concentrated in one bundle and unrelated to those <italic>D3</italic> genome sequences elsewhere in the world. According to the phylogenetic tree, <italic>D3</italic> was introduced into Baisha County in 1884 (95%CI: 1816–1993) and became a local endemic virus. In conclusion, HBV infection in the Li ethnic group is characterized by a high prevalence rate in 20–40-year-old individuals and a unique genotype distribution which were significantly different from other geographical distribution of main genotypes in China, and subgenotype D3 was first discovered in China.</p>