AUTHOR=Wang Tsai-Yu , Feng Jia-Yih , Shu Chin-Chung , Lee Susan Shin-jung , Chen Chung-Yu , Wei Yu-Feng , Lin Chih-Bin , Huang Wei-Chang , Su Wei-Juin , Lin Shu-Min 

TITLE=Plasma Concentrations of sTREM-1 as Markers for Systemic Adverse Reactions in Subjects Treated With Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.821066

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.821066

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>A regimen of once-weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid for 3 months (3HP) is an effective treatment for subjects with latent tuberculosis infection; however, no reliable biomarker exists for predicting systemic adverse reactions (SARs) to 3HP treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This prospective, multi-center study evaluated the plasma concentrations of soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM)-1 and sTREM-2 in subjects undergoing 3HP treatment and examined the associations between these biomarkers and SARs.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>This study enrolled 80 consecutive subjects receiving 3HP treatment, 25 of whom had SARs and 55 of whom did not. Subjects with SARs presented higher concentrations of sTREM-1 at baseline than those without SARs (240.1 ± 19.1 vs. 176.7 ± 9.4 pg/mL, <italic>P</italic> = 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that day 1 plasma levels of sTREM-1 (0.708, 95% CI, 0.584–0.833, <italic>P</italic> = 0.003) and sTREM-2 (0.343, 95% CI, 0.227–0.459, <italic>P</italic> = 0.025) as well as the sTREM-1/sTREM-2 ratio (0.748, 95% CI, 0.638–0.858, <italic>P</italic> = 0.001) had modest discriminative power pertaining to the development of SARs. An sTREM-1 level exceeding the cut-off value (&gt;187.4 pg/mL) (hazard ratio [HR], 6.15; 95% CI 1.67–22.70, <italic>P</italic> = 0.006) and a sTREM-2 below the cut-off value (&lt;237.2 pg/mL) (HR, 4.46; 95% CI 1.41–14.1, <italic>P</italic> = 0.011) were independent predictors of SARs after controlling for other variables.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Plasma sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 levels are useful biomarkers for predicting SARs during 3HP treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Clinical trial government</title><p>NCT04655794</p></sec>