AUTHOR=Okyere Samuel Kumi , Wen Juan , Cui Yujing , Xie Lei , Gao Pei , Zhang Ming , Wang Jianchen , Wang Shu , Ran Yinan , Ren Zhihua , Hu Yanchun 

TITLE=Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.820236

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2022.820236

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>This study was performed to identify potential probiotic endophytes from <italic>Ageratina adenophora</italic> and evaluate their ameliorating effects on gut injury and integrity damage associated with microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed high fat diet. Using morphological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, two bacteria endophytes were identified as strains of <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> and were named <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> SAU-19 (GenBank No. MW287198) and <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> SAU-20 (GenBank No. MW287199). Sixty (60) mice were divided into five groups, group 1 was the negative control fed normal diet (NS), group 2 was fed High fat diet (HF), Group 3 was fed High fat diet + 10<sup>6</sup><italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</italic> (LGG), group 4 was fed High fat + 10<sup>6</sup><italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> SAU-19 and group 5 fed High fat diet + 10<sup>6</sup><italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> SAU-20. After 35 days, histological and immunohistochemistry examination were performed in the ileum tissues. Furthermore, DAO and antioxidants activities were measured in serum, mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and inflammation related cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the ileum tissues as well as sIgA levels and total bacteria (<italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, <italic>Salmonella</italic>, <italic>Staphylococcus</italic>, and <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>) in the small intestine and cecum content. The results showed an increase in the DAO activity, oxidative stress parameter (MDA), pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2), reduce immunity (sIgA), and destroyed intestinal structure and integrity (reduce tight junction proteins) in the high fat diet group and this was associated with destruction of the gut microbiota composition (increasing pathogenic bacteria; <italic>E. coli</italic>, <italic>Salmonella</italic>, <italic>Staphylococcus</italic> and reducing beneficial bacteria, <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> spp.) in mice (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05). However, the administration of <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> SAU-19 and SAU-20 reverted these effects. Our findings indicated that, <italic>Bacillus toyonensis</italic> SAU-19 and SAU-20 isolated from <italic>A. adenophora</italic> could prevent the excess weight gain from high fat diet feeding, improved antioxidant status and alleviated the intestine integrity damage as well as reduce the population of enteric bacteria such as <italic>E. coli, Salmonella</italic>, and <italic>S. aureus</italic> and increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> in the gut of mice fed high fat diet, therefore, can serve as a potential probiotics in humans and animals.</p>