AUTHOR=Shahid Hamza , Cai Teng , Wang Yuyang , Zheng Caiqing , Yang Yuting , Mao Ziling , Ding Ping , Shan Tijiang 

TITLE=Duclauxin Derivatives From Fungi and Their Biological Activities

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.766440

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2021.766440

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Duclauxin is a heptacyclic oligophenalenone dimer consisting of an isocoumarin and a dihydroisocoumarin unit. These two tricyclic moieties are joined by a cyclopentane ring to form a unique hinge or castanets-like structure. Duclauxin is effective against numerous tumor cell lines because it prevents adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. There are about 36 reported natural duclauxin analogs mainly produced by 9 <italic>Penicillium</italic> and <italic>Talaromyces</italic> species (<italic>T. duclauxii</italic>, <italic>T. aculeatus</italic>, <italic>T. stipitatus</italic>, <italic>T. bacillisporus</italic>, <italic>T. verruculosus</italic>, <italic>T. macrosporus</italic>, <italic>P. herquei</italic>, <italic>P. manginii</italic>, and <italic>Talaromyces</italic> sp.). These metabolites exhibit remarkable biological activities, including antitumor, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial, showing tremendous potential in agricultural and medical applications. This review highlights the chemical structures and biological activities of fungal duclauxins, together with biosynthesis, absolute configuration, and mode of action for important duclauxins. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis and correct names of <italic>Penicillium</italic> and <italic>Talaromyces</italic> species producing duclauxins are presented in this review.</p>