AUTHOR=Huang Ailin , Wu Tao , Wu Xiuyun , Zhang Biao , Shen Yuanyuan , Wang Suying , Song Wenjun , Ruan Haihua 

TITLE=Analysis of Internal and External Microorganism Community of Wild Cicada Flowers and Identification of the Predominant Cordyceps cicadae Fungus

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.752791

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2021.752791

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The parasitoid fungus <italic>Cordyceps cicadae</italic>, whose fruiting bodies are known in China as “chan hua,” literally “cicada flower,” has been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal ingredient for centuries. However, systematic disclosure of the vital factors responsible for the formation of wild cicada flower is limited. Here, we determined the physicochemical properties of soil and simultaneously analyzed the diversities and the structures of microbial community inhabiting the coremia, sclerotia, and soil around wild cicada flowers through high-throughput sequencing. Our results indicated that cicada flower more preferentially occurred in acidic soil (pH 5.9) with abundant moisture content (MC), total nitrogen (TN), and organic matter (OM). The dominant fungal genera in soil mainly included <italic>Isaria</italic>, f__Clavariaceae_Unclassified, <italic>Umbelopsis</italic>, f__Chaetomiaceae_Unclassified, <italic>Mortierella</italic>, f__Sordariaceae_Unclassified, and <italic>Arcopilus</italic>. Among them, <italic>C. cicadae</italic> was the only fungus that was massively detected in both the coremia and sclerotia with abundance of 83.5 and 53.6%, respectively. Based on this, a <italic>C. cicadae</italic> strain named AH10-4 with excellent adenosine- and <italic>N</italic><sup>6</sup>-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA)-producing capability was successfully isolated. However, to the aspect of bacteria, <italic>Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia</italic>, <italic>Bacillus</italic>, <italic>Acidibacter</italic>, f__Xanthobacteraceae_Unclassified, and <italic>Candidatus_Solibacter</italic> were the dominant genera in soil. <italic>Pedobacter</italic>, f__Enterobacteriaceae_Unclassified, <italic>Pandoraea</italic>, <italic>Achromobacter</italic>, <italic>Stenotrophomonas</italic>, <italic>Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia</italic>, and <italic>Chitinophaga</italic> were the dominant genera in the coremia and sclerotia. Notably, <italic>Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia</italic> was the shared bacteria among them with high abundance of 3.1, 11.4, and 5.2% in the sclerotia, coremia, and soil, respectively. However, the possible role of these bacteria to the occurrence of cicada flower has been unclear to our knowledge. By analyzing the correlation between physicochemical properties and microbial community of soil, we found that MC, Fe, and Zn were significantly negatively correlated with soil <italic>Isaria</italic> and that Cu was significantly negatively correlated with most dominant soil bacterial genera. But Mg was significantly positively correlated with most dominant taxa. This study provides new insight into the formation mechanisms of cicada flower and may contribute to the large-scale cultivation of cicada flowers.</p>