AUTHOR=Vasina Daria V. , Antonova Nataliia P. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Yakimakha Victoria S. , Lendel Anastasiya M. , Nikiforova Maria A. , Pochtovyi Andrei A. , Remizov Timofey A. , Usachev Evgeny V. , Shevlyagina Natalia V. , Zhukhovitsky Vladimir G. , Fursov Mikhail V. , Potapov Vasiliy D. , Vorobev Aleksei M. , Aleshkin Andrey V. , Laishevtsev Aleksei I. , Makarov Valentine V. , Yudin Sergey M. , Tkachuk Artem P. , Gushchin Vladimir A. TITLE=Discovering the Potentials of Four Phage Endolysins to Combat Gram-Negative Infections JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.748718 DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2021.748718 ISSN=1664-302X ABSTRACT=

Endolysin-based therapeutics are promising antibacterial agents and can successfully supplement the existing antibacterial drugs array. It is specifically important in the case of Gram-negative pathogens, e.g., ESKAPE group bacteria, which includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, and are highly inclined to gain multiple antibiotic resistance. Despite numerous works devoted to the screening of new lytic enzymes and investigations of their biochemical properties, there are significant breaches in some aspects of their operating characteristics, including safety issues of endolysin use. Here, we provide a comprehensive study of the antimicrobial efficacy aspects of four Gram-negative bacteria-targeting endolysins LysAm24, LysAp22, LysECD7, and LysSi3, their in vitro and in vivo activity, and their biological safety. These endolysins possess a wide spectrum of action, are active against planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms, and are effective in wound and burn skin infection animal models. In terms of safety, these enzymes do not contribute to the development of short-term resistance, are not cytotoxic, and do not significantly affect the normal intestinal microflora in vivo. Our results provide a confident base for the development of effective and safe candidate dosage forms for the treatment of local and systemic infections caused by Gram-negative bacterial species.