AUTHOR=Li Hui , Zhao Liping , Zhang Menghui 

TITLE=Gut Microbial SNPs Induced by High-Fiber Diet Dominate Nutrition Metabolism and Environmental Adaption of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Obese Children

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.683714

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2021.683714

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Dietary intervention is effective in human health promotion through modulation of gut microbiota. Diet can cause single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to occur in the gut microbiota, and some of these variations may lead to functional changes in human health. In this study, we performed a systematic SNP analysis based on metagenomic data collected from children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS, <italic>n</italic> = 17) and simple obese (SO) children (<italic>n</italic> = 19), who had better healthy conditions after receiving high-fiber diet intervention. We found that the intervention increased the SNP proportions of <italic>Faecalibacterium</italic>, <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic>, and <italic>Clostridium</italic> and decreased those of <italic>Bacteroides</italic> in all children. Besides, the PWS children had <italic>Collinsella</italic> increased and <italic>Ruminococcus</italic> decreased, whereas the SO had <italic>Blautia</italic> and <italic>Escherichia</italic> decreased. There were much more BiasSNPs in PWS than in SO (4,465 vs 303), and only 81 of them appeared in both groups, of which 78 were from <italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</italic>, and 51 were nonsynonymous mutations. These nonsynonymous variations were mainly related to pathways of environmental adaptation and nutrition metabolism, particularly to carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. In addition, dominant strains carrying BiasSNPs in all children shifted from <italic>F. prausnitzii</italic> AF32-8AC and <italic>F. prausnitzii</italic> 942/30-2 to <italic>F. prausnitzii</italic> SSTS Bg7063 and <italic>F. prausnitzii</italic> JG BgPS064 after the dietary intervention. Furthermore, although the abundance of <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> increased significantly by the intervention and became dominant strains responsible for nutrition metabolism, they had less BiasSNPs between the pre- and post-intervention group in comparison with <italic>Faecalibacterium</italic>. The finding of <italic>F. prausnitzii</italic> as important functional strains influenced by the intervention highlights the superiority of applying SNP analysis in studies of gut microbiota. This study provided evidence and support for the effect of dietary intervention on gut microbial SNPs, and gave some enlightenments for disease treatment.</p>