AUTHOR=Chernikova Tatyana N. , Bargiela Rafael , Toshchakov Stepan V. , Shivaraman Vignesh , Lunev Evgenii A. , Yakimov Michail M. , Thomas David N. , Golyshin Peter N. 

TITLE=Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria Alcanivorax and Marinobacter Associated With Microalgae Pavlova lutheri and Nannochloropsis oculata

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.572931

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2020.572931

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria play an important role in natural petroleum biodegradation processes and were initially associated with man-made oil spills or natural seeps. There is no full clarity though on what, in the absence of petroleum, their natural niches are. Few studies pointed at some marine microalgae that produce oleophilic compounds (alkanes, long-chain fatty acids, and alcohols) as potential natural hosts of these bacteria. We established Dansk crude oil-based enrichment cultures with photobioreactor-grown marine microalgae cultures <italic>Pavlova lutheri</italic> and <italic>Nannochloropsis oculata</italic> and analyzed the microbial succession using cultivation and SSU (16S) rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that petroleum enforced a strong selection for members of Alpha- and Gamma-proteobacteria in both enrichment cultures with the prevalence of <italic>Alcanivorax</italic> and <italic>Marinobacter</italic> spp., well-known hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. In total, 48 non-redundant bacterial strains were isolated and identified to represent genera <italic>Alcanivorax</italic>, <italic>Marinobacter</italic>, <italic>Thalassospira</italic>, <italic>Hyphomonas</italic>, <italic>Halomonas</italic>, <italic>Marinovum</italic>, <italic>Roseovarius</italic>, and <italic>Oleibacter</italic>, which were abundant in sequencing reads in both crude oil enrichments. Our assessment of public databases demonstrated some overlaps of geographical sites of isolation of <italic>Nannochloropsis</italic> and <italic>Pavlova</italic> with places of molecular detection and isolation of <italic>Alcanivorax</italic> and <italic>Marinobacter</italic> spp. Our study suggests that these globally important hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are associated with <italic>P. lutheri</italic> and <italic>N. oculata</italic>.</p>