AUTHOR=Yi Tuyong , Lei Ling , He Ling , Yi Jianglan , Li Lingguo , Dai Liangying , Hong Yanyun 

TITLE=Symbiotic Fungus Affected the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Resistance to Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.522164

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2020.522164

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), <italic>Diaphorina citri</italic> (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a notorious Rutaceae plant pest. Frequent and extensive use of pesticides has resulted in severe insecticide resistance in ACP populations. Fully understanding the mechanism of ACP resistance to pesticides is vital for us to control or delay the development of resistance. Therefore, we compared the difference in resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam between Hunan (Yongzhou, Chenzhou) and Guangdong (Guangzhou) ACP populations and analyzed the correlations between the resistance level and genes and symbiotic fungi. The results showed that the resistance of the Guangdong ACP population to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was lower than that of Hunan ACP population, and the relative expression of genes associated with P450 mono-oxygenase and acetylcholinesterase was significantly lower in the Guangdong ACP population than in Hunan ACP population. The differences of mean relative abundances of four symbiotic bacteria among three populations were marginally significant; however, the mean relative abundance of 16 fungi among three populations was significantly different, and positive linear correlations were observed between the resistance level and two fungi (<italic>Aspergillus niger</italic> and <italic>Aureobasidium pullulans</italic>) and two genes (<italic>CYP4C70</italic> and <italic>CYP4DB1</italic>). Negative correlations were only observed between the resistance level and two fungi (<italic>Golubevia pallescens</italic> and <italic>Acremonium sclerotigenum</italic>). Moreover, four fungi were unique to the Chenzhou population which was the highest resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. These findings suggested the P450 mono-oxygenase and symbiotic fungi together affected ACP resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. In the future, we may use environmental <italic>G. pallescens</italic> and <italic>A. sclerotigenum</italic> to control or delay ACP resistance.</p>