AUTHOR=Al-Shabib Nasser A. , Husain Fohad Mabood , Qais Faizan Abul , Ahmad Naushad , Khan Altaf , Alyousef Abdullah A. , Arshad Mohammed , Noor Saba , Khan Javed Masood , Alam Pravej , Albalawi Thamer H. , Shahzad Syed Ali 

TITLE=Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles From Withania somnifera Root Extract: Broad-Spectrum Attenuation of Biofilm and Cytotoxic Properties Against HepG2 Cell Lines

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2020

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01680

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2020.01680

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=There is grave necessity to counter the menace of drug-resistant biofilms of pathogens using nanomaterials. Moreover, we need to produce nanoparticles using inexpensive clean biological approaches that demonstrate broad-spectrum inhibition of microbial biofilms and cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines. In the current research work, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) were fabricated through an environmentally friendly green process using the root extract of W. somnifera as the stabilizing and reducing agent to examine its anti-biofilm and anti-cancer potential. Further, XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, DLS, TGA, and BET techniques were used for determining the crystallinity, functional groups involved, shape, size, thermal behavior, surface area, and porosity measurement, respectively, of the synthesized TiO2-NPs. Antimicrobial potential of the TiO2-NPs was determined by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, MRSA, L. monocytogenes, S. marcescens, and C. albicans. Furthermore, at levels below the MIC (0.5 × MIC), TiO2-NPs demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm formation (43–71%) and mature biofilms (24–64%) in all test pathogens. Cell death due to enhanced ROS production could be responsible for the impaired biofilm production in TiO2-NP-treated pathogens. The synthesized nanoparticles induced considerable reduction in the viability of HepG2 in vitro and could prove effective in controlling liver cancer. In summary, the green synthesized TiO2-NPs demonstrate multifarious biological properties and could be used as an anti-infective agent to treat biofilm-based infections and cancer.