AUTHOR=Han Yinze , Gao Hailong , Xu Jinzhi , Luo Jian , Han Bing , Bao Jialing , Pan Guoqing , Li Tian , Zhou Zeyang 

TITLE=Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Against Microsporidia Infection in Mammals

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01468

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2020.01468

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Microsporidia are obligate intracellular and eukaryotic pathogens that can infect immunocompromised and immunocompetent mammals, including humans. Both innate and adaptive immune systems play important roles against microsporidian infection. The innate immune system can partially eliminate the infection by immune cells, such as gamma delta T cell, natural killer cells (NKs), macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and present the pathogens to lymphocytes. The innate immune cells can also prime and enhance the adaptive immune response via surface molecules and secreted cytokines. The adaptive immune system is critical to eliminate microsporidian infection by activating cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and humoral immune responses, and feedback regulation of the innate immune mechanism. In this review, we will discuss the cellular and molecular responses and functions of innate and adaptive immune systems against microsporidian infection.</p>