AUTHOR=Zhao Xiaonan , Yang Jie , Ju Zijing , Wu Jianmin , Wang Lili , Lin Hai , Sun Shuhong 

TITLE=Clostridium butyricum Ameliorates Salmonella Enteritis Induced Inflammation by Enhancing and Improving Immunity of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier at the Intestinal Mucosal Level

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00299

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2020.00299

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>This study was aimed to investigate the effects of <italic>Clostridium butyricum</italic> (<italic>C. butyricum</italic>) immunity and intestinal epithelial barrier function at the intestinal mucosal level, by using <italic>Salmonella</italic> enteritidis (<italic>S.</italic> enteritidis) to infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We found that <italic>C. butyricum</italic> could decrease cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) via the TLR4-, MyD88-, and NF-κB-dependent pathways in intestinal tissues and intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, <italic>C. butyricum</italic> could attenuate bacteria-induced intestinal damage and increase the expression level of muc-2 and ZO-1 in the intestine and intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, <italic>C. butyricum</italic> altered the intestinal microbial composition, increased the diversity of the bacterial communities in the cecum of <italic>Salmonella</italic>-infected chickens. In conclusion, <italic>C. butyricum</italic> effectively attenuated inflammation and epithelial barrier damage, altered the intestinal microbial composition, increased the diversity of the bacterial communities in the intestine of <italic>Salmonella</italic>-infected chickens. The result suggests that <italic>C. butyricum</italic> might be an effective and safe therapy for the treatment of <italic>Salmonella</italic> infection.</p>