AUTHOR=Skowron Krzysztof , Wałecka-Zacharska Ewa , Grudlewska Katarzyna , Kwiecińska-Piróg Joanna , Wiktorczyk Natalia , Kowalska Maria , Paluszak Zbigniew , Kosek-Paszkowska Katarzyna , Brożek Klaudia , Korkus Jakub , Gospodarek-Komkowska Eugenia 

TITLE=Effect of Selected Environmental Factors on the Microbicidal Effectiveness of Radiant Catalytic Ionization

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03057

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2019.03057

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The aim of this study was the assessment of the effect of time exposure, temperature, distance, and organic contaminants on radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) microbicidal effectiveness. The number of all examined bacteria decreased together with time exposure of RCI. The lowest recovery was obtained, both from the rubber surface (6.36 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup>) and steel (6.04 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup>) in the case of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> O157:H7. On the other hand, <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> was isolated in the largest number (rubber: 7.88 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup>, steel: 7.79 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup>). Among the tested environmental conditions, the greatest bacterial population was re-isolated at 4°C (distance: 0.5 m, time: 24 h), whereas the lowest population was found at a distance of 0.5 m (temperature: 20°C, time: 24 h) and on surfaces without contamination. In the samples treated with RCI, the bacterial population was the lowest on non-contaminated surfaces, ranging from 3.76 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> (<italic>E. coli</italic> O157:H7) to 5.58 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> (<italic>S. aureus</italic>) for the rubber, and from 3.26 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> (<italic>E. coli</italic> O157:H7) to 5.20 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> (<italic>S. aureus</italic>) for the stainless steel. The highest bacteria number was isolated from surfaces contaminated with meat and fish pulp. The lowest bacterial reduction caused by RCI was found in the case of rubber contaminated with meat-fish pulp (24 h, 0.5 m, 20°C). The reduction rate was equal to 0.89 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>S. aureus</italic>, 1.17 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>Listeria monocytogenes</italic>, 1.43 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>Salmonella</italic> Enteritidis and 1.61 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>E. coli</italic> O157:H7. In turn, the greatest bacterial reduction was found in the case of non-contaminated steel (24 h, 0.5 m, 37°C). The reduction rate was equal to 4.52 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>L. monocytogenes</italic>, 3.61 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>S.</italic> Enteritidis, 2.98 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>E. coli</italic> O157:H7 and 2.77 log CFU × cm<sup>–2</sup> for <italic>S. aureus</italic>. RCI allows the inactivation of pathogens from stainless steel and rubber surfaces. Its efficacy is species-dependent and affected by environmental factors.</p>