AUTHOR=Wu Zhansheng , Huang Yuanyuan , Li Yan , Dong Jiawei , Liu Xiaochen , Li Chun 

TITLE=Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani via Induction of the Defense Mechanism and Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Bacillus subtilis SL-44 on Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02676

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2019.02676

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Pepper seedling wilt disease is the main cause of crop yield reduction. Biocontrol agents are widely used to control plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi and activate plant defense systems. Our preliminary work showed that <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> SL-44 played a significant role in the reduction of wilt disease severity on pepper plants. To evaluate biological control mechanism of <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44 on wilt disease caused by <italic>Rhizoctonia solani</italic>, the activities of the related enzymes were detected in the pepper seedling with different treatment in this study. Fluorescence microscopy combined with different dyes showed that <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44 induced a large amount of active oxygen and callose accumulation in pepper leaves. The defense-related enzyme activities in pepper were improved significantly when treated with <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44, including peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. The activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44-treated pepper was also enhanced. Furthermore, the expression level of pepper-resistance gene <italic>CaPIN II</italic> was significantly increased in <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44 treatment. Besides, <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44 filtrate led to the death of the pathogenic fungus by fracturing the mycelia and leaking of the cell contents. Surfactin, iturin, and fengycin were found in <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44 crude extracts, which could be effective antifungal compounds against <italic>R. solani</italic>. The results suggest that <italic>B. subtilis</italic> SL-44 could not only activate induced systemic resistance of pepper seedling against wilt disease caused by <italic>R. solani</italic> by jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathway but also produce antifungal compounds to inhibit or even damage the mycelium growth of <italic>R. solani</italic>. The findings of this study provide novel guidance in plant protection development.</p>