AUTHOR=Cheng Qiaoxiang , Jiang Xiaoyuan , Xu Yanan , Hu Lingfei , Luo Wenbo , Yin Zhe , Gao Huixia , Yang Wenhui , Yang Huiying , Zhao Yuee , Zhao Xiaodong , Zhou Dongsheng , Dai Erhei 

TITLE=Type 1, 2, and 1/2-Hybrid IncC Plasmids From China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02508

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2019.02508

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>A collection of 11 IncC plasmids from China were fully sequenced herein and compared with reference plasmids pR148 and pR55. These 13 plasmids could be assigned into three different subgroups: type 1, type 2, and type 1/2 hybrid. Type 1/2-hybrid plasmids most likely emerged from homologous recombination between type 1 and type 2 plasmids. Different IncC plasmids had evolved to acquire quite different profiles of accessory modules and thus different collections of resistance genes. The accessory resistance modules included not only the <italic>bla</italic><sub>CMY</sub>-carrying region, the ARI-A island, and the ARI-B island, but also various additional kinds of resistance islands such as the <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX–M</sub>-carrying regions and the MDR regions. Insertion of accessory modules was sometimes accompanied by deletion, inversion, and translocation of surrounding backbone regions. pR148 and pR55 were confirmed to have the most complete backbones for type 1 and type 2, respectively. This was the first report of a <italic>bla</italic><sub>IMP–</sub><sub>8</sub>-carrying IncC plasmid, and that of three novel mobile elements: a Tn<italic>1696</italic>-derived unit transposon Tn<italic>6395</italic>, a class 2 integron In2-76, and an insertion sequence IS<italic>Ecl10</italic>.</p>