AUTHOR=Martinez-Rios Veronica , Gkogka Elissavet , Dalgaard Paw 

TITLE=New Term to Quantify the Effect of Temperature on pHmin-Values Used in Cardinal Parameter Growth Models for Listeria monocytogenes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01510

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2019.01510

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of temperature on <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-values of <italic>Listeria monocytogenes</italic> as used in cardinal parameter growth models and thereby improve the prediction of growth for this pathogen in food with low pH. Experimental data for <italic>L. monocytogenes</italic> growth in broth at different pH-values and at different constant temperatures were generated and used to determined <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-values. Additionally, <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-values for <italic>L. monocytogenes</italic> available from literature were collected. A new <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-function was developed to describe the effect of temperatures on <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-values obtained experimentally and from literature data. A growth and growth boundary model was developed by substituting the constant <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-value present in the Mejlholm and Dalgaard (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">2009</xref>) model (J. Food. Prot. 72, 2132–2143) by the new <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-function. To obtain data for low pH food, challenge tests were performed with <italic>L. monocytogenes</italic> in commercial and laboratory-produced chemically acidified cheese including glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and in commercial cream cheese. Furthermore, literature data for growth of <italic>L. monocytogenes</italic> in products with or without GDL were collected. Evaluation of the new and expanded model by comparison of observed and predicted μ<sub><italic>max</italic></sub>-values resulted in a bias factor of 1.01 and an accuracy factor of 1.48 for a total of 1,129 growth responses from challenge tests and literature data. Growth and no-growth responses of <italic>L. monocytogenes</italic> in seafood, meat, non-fermented dairy products, and fermented cream cheese were 90.3% correctly predicted with incorrect predictions being 5.3% fail-safe and 4.4% fail-dangerous. The new <italic>p</italic>H<sub><italic>min</italic></sub>-function markedly extended the range of applicability of the Mejlholm and Dalgaard (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">2009</xref>) model from pH 5.4 to pH 4.6 and therefore the model can now support product development, reformulation or risk assessment of food with low pH including chemically acidified cheese and cream cheese.</p>