AUTHOR=Liu Defei , Sun Huanjun , Ma Hongwu 

TITLE=Deciphering Microbiome Related to Rusty Roots of Panax ginseng and Evaluation of Antagonists Against Pathogenic Ilyonectria

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01350

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2019.01350

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Plant roots host diverse microbes that are closely associated with root fitness. Currently, the relationship between microbes and rusty roots of <italic>Panax ginseng</italic> remains unclear. Here, we described the root-associated microbiome in rusty and healthy ginseng by metagenomic sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS regions. Being enriched in Diseased-roots (Dr) of ginseng and their rhizosphere soil, the fungus of <italic>Ilyonectria</italic>, was identified as the most probable cause of the disease after ITS analysis. Meanwhile, an increase of <italic>Mortierella</italic> was observed in Healthy-roots (Hr). Surprisingly, an enriched <italic>Fusarium</italic> was found in both Hr and their rhizosphere soil. Besides, in comparison with Hr, decreased relative abundance of <italic>Actinomycetales</italic> and increased relative abundance of <italic>Pseudomonadales</italic> was observed in Dr after 16S rRNA analysis. What’s more, we isolated several microorganisms as antagonists that showed strong inhibiting effects on <italic>Ilyonectria</italic> in plate assays. In field trials, inoculation of <italic>Bacillus</italic> sp. S-11 displayed apparent suppression effect against <italic>Ilyonectria</italic> and shifted microbial communities in rhizosphere soil. Our research identified key microbiota involved in rusty roots of <italic>P. ginseng</italic> and offered potential biocontrol solutions to rusty disease.</p>