AUTHOR=Özogul Fatih , Šimat Vida , Gokdogan Saadet , Regenstein Joe M. , Özogul Yesim 

TITLE=Effect of Natural Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on in vitro Biogenic Amine Production by Gram Positive and Gram Negative Pathogens

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02585

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2018.02585

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The effect of two levels of clinoptilolite (1 and 5%) on the production of biogenic amines (BA) and ammonia (AMN) by Gram positive (<italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis</italic>, and <italic>Listeria monocytogenes)</italic> and Gram negative bacteria (<italic>Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic>, and <italic>Salmonella</italic> Parathypi A), in tyrosine decarboxylase broth (TDB) was studied. <italic>A. hydrophila</italic> and <italic>E. coli</italic> produced the highest amounts of amines which were 1223.06 and 2627.90 mg/l, respectively. All strains were able to decarboxylate tyrosine to tyramine (TYR) with <italic>E. coli</italic> being the highest (1657.19 mg/l). <italic>A. hydrophila</italic> formed &gt;50 mg/l histamine (HIS) while the other strains produced none or very low concentrations (&lt;4 mg/l). Among Gram-positive pathogens, <italic>E. faecalis</italic> was characterized as the main amine producer (478.23 mg/l). Although dependent on bacterial strain and level used, the natural zeolite clinoptilolite can be used to decrease BA and AMN production by bacterial strains that are of health concern.</p><p><bold>Practical Applications:</bold> Uses of natural prodcuts for biogenic amines inhibition. Clinoptilolite was used to reduce the amounts of amines such as spermine, putrescine, and dopamine produced by pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.</p>