AUTHOR=Zhao Hang , Chen Wenyao , Xu Xuebin , Zhou Xiujuan , Shi Chunlei 

TITLE=Transmissible ST3-IncHI2 Plasmids Are Predominant Carriers of Diverse Complex IS26-Class 1 Integron Arrangements in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02492

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2018.02492

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including plasmids, insertion sequences, and integrons play an important role in the occurrence and spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria. It was found in previous studies that IS<italic>26</italic> and class 1 integrons integrated on plasmids to speed the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes in <italic>Salmonella</italic>. It is aimed to figure out the patterns of specific genetic arrangements between IS<italic>26</italic> and class 1 integrons located in plasmids in MDR <italic>Salmonella</italic> in this study. A total of 74 plasmid-harboring <italic>Salmonella</italic> isolates were screened for the presence of IS<italic>26</italic> by PCR amplification, and 39 were IS<italic>26</italic>-positive. Among them, 37 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The thirty-seven antibiotic-resistant isolates were further involved in PCR detection of class 1 integrons and variable regions, and all were positive for class 1 integrons. Six IS<italic>26</italic>-class 1 integron arrangements with IS<italic>26</italic> inserted into the upstream or downstream of class 1 integrons were characterized. Eight combinations of these IS<italic>26</italic>-class 1 integron arrangements were identified among 31 antibiotic-resistant isolates. Multidrug-resistance plasmids of the IncHI2 incompatibility group were dominant, which all belonged to ST3 by plasmid double locus sequence typing. These 21 IncHI2-positive isolates harbored six complex IS<italic>26</italic>-class 1 integron arrangement patterns. Conjugation assays and Southern blot hybridizations confirmed that conjugative multidrug-resistance IncHI2 plasmids harbored the different complex IS<italic>26</italic>-class 1 integron arrangements. The conjugation frequency of IncHI2 plasmids transferring alone was 10<sup>−5</sup>-10<sup>−6</sup>, reflecting that different complex IS<italic>26</italic>-class 1 integron arrangement patterns didn't significantly affect conjugation frequency (<italic>P</italic> &gt; 0.05). These data suggested that class 1 integrons represent the hot spot for IS<italic>26</italic> insertion, forming diverse MDR loci. And ST3-IncHI2 was the major plasmid lineage contributing to the horizontal transfer of composite IS<italic>26</italic>-class 1 integron MDR elements in <italic>Salmonella</italic>.</p>