AUTHOR=Radziwill-Bienkowska Joanna M. , Talbot Pauline , Kamphuis Jasper B. J. , Robert Véronique , Cartier Christel , Fourquaux Isabelle , Lentzen Esther , Audinot Jean-Nicolas , Jamme Frédéric , Réfrégiers Matthieu , Bardowski Jacek K. , Langella Philippe , Kowalczyk Magdalena , Houdeau Eric , Thomas Muriel , Mercier-Bonin Muriel TITLE=Toxicity of Food-Grade TiO2 to Commensal Intestinal and Transient Food-Borne Bacteria: New Insights Using Nano-SIMS and Synchrotron UV Fluorescence Imaging JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology VOLUME=9 YEAR=2018 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00794 DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2018.00794 ISSN=1664-302X ABSTRACT=
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used as a food additive (E171 in the EU) for its whitening and opacifying properties. However, a risk of intestinal barrier disruption, including dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, is increasingly suspected because of the presence of a nano-sized fraction in this additive. We hypothesized that food-grade E171 and Aeroxyde P25 (identical to the NM-105 OECD reference nanomaterial in the European Union Joint Research Centre) interact with both commensal intestinal bacteria and transient food-borne bacteria under non-UV-irradiated conditions. Based on differences in their physicochemical properties, we expect a difference in their respective effects. To test these hypotheses, we chose a panel of eight Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacterial strains, isolated from different biotopes and belonging to the species