AUTHOR=Lourenço Késia S. , Cassman Noriko A. , Pijl Agata S. , van Veen Johannes A. , Cantarella Heitor , Kuramae Eiko E. 

TITLE=Nitrosospira sp. Govern Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Tropical Soil Amended With Residues of Bioenergy Crop

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00674

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2018.00674

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Organic vinasse, a residue produced during bioethanol production, increases nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions when applied with inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer in soil. The present study investigated the role of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community on the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in soils amended with organic vinasse (CV: concentrated and V: non-concentrated) plus inorganic N fertilizer. Soil samples and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were evaluated at 11, 19, and 45 days after fertilizer application, and the bacterial and archaea gene (<italic>amo</italic>A) encoding the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme, bacterial denitrifier (<italic>nir</italic>K, <italic>nir</italic>S, and <italic>nos</italic>Z) genes and total bacteria were quantified by real time PCR. We also employed a deep <italic>amo</italic>A amplicon sequencing approach to evaluate the effect of treatment on the community structure and diversity of the soil AOB community. Both vinasse types applied with inorganic N application increased the total N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and the abundance of AOB. <italic>Nitrosospira</italic> sp. was the dominant AOB in the soil and was correlated with N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, the diversity and the community structure of AOB did not change with vinasse and inorganic N fertilizer amendment. The results highlight the importance of residues and fertilizer management in sustainable agriculture and can be used as a reference and an input tool to determine good management practices for organic fertilization.</p>