AUTHOR=Dewanckele Lore , Vlaeminck Bruno , Hernandez-Sanabria Emma , Ruiz-González Alexis , Debruyne Sieglinde , Jeyanathan Jeyamalar , Fievez Veerle 

TITLE=Rumen Biohydrogenation and Microbial Community Changes Upon Early Life Supplementation of 22:6n-3 Enriched Microalgae to Goats

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00573

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2018.00573

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched products inhibits the final step of biohydrogenation in the adult rumen, resulting in the accumulation of 18:1 isomers, particularly of <italic>trans</italic>(<italic>t</italic>)-11 18:1. Occasionally, a shift toward the formation of <italic>t</italic>10 intermediates at the expense of <italic>t</italic>11 intermediates can be triggered. However, whether similar impact would occur when supplementing DHA-enriched products during pregnancy or early life remains unknown. Therefore, the current <italic>in vivo</italic> study aimed to investigate the effect of a nutritional intervention with DHA in the early life of goat kids on rumen biohydrogenation and microbial community. Delivery of DHA was achieved by supplementing DHA-enriched microalgae (DHA Gold) either to the maternal diet during pregnancy (prenatal) or to the diet of the young offspring (postnatal). At the age of 12 weeks, rumen fluid was sampled for analysis of long-chain fatty acids and microbial community based on bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Postnatal supplementation with DHA-enriched microalgae inhibited the final biohydrogenation step, as observed in adult animals. This resulted particularly in increased ruminal proportions of <italic>t</italic>11 18:1 rather than a shift to <italic>t</italic>10 intermediates, suggesting that both young and adult goats might be less prone to dietary induced shifts toward the formation of <italic>t</italic>10 intermediates, in comparison with cows. Although <italic>Butyrivibrio</italic> species have been identified as the most important biohydrogenating bacteria, this genus was more abundant when complete biohydrogenation, i.e. 18:0 formation, was inhibited. <italic>Blautia</italic> abundance was positively correlated with 18:0 accumulation, whereas <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> spp. <italic>Dialister</italic> spp. and <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> spp. were more abundant in situations with greater <italic>t</italic>10 accumulation. Extensive comparisons made between current results and literature data indicate that current associations between biohydrogenation intermediates and rumen bacteria in young goats align with former observations in adult ruminants.</p>