AUTHOR=Selber-Hnatiw Susannah , Rukundo Belise , Ahmadi Masoumeh , Akoubi Hayfa , Al-Bizri Hend , Aliu Adelekan F. , Ambeaghen Tanyi U. , Avetisyan Lilit , Bahar Irmak , Baird Alexandra , Begum Fatema , Ben Soussan Hélène , Blondeau-Éthier Virginie , Bordaries Roxane , Bramwell Helene , Briggs Alicia , Bui Richard , Carnevale Matthew , Chancharoen Marisa , Chevassus Talia , Choi Jin H. , Coulombe Karyne , Couvrette Florence , D'Abreau Samantha , Davies Meghan , Desbiens Marie-Pier , Di Maulo Tamara , Di Paolo Sean-Anthony , Do Ponte Sabrina , dos Santos Ribeiro Priscyla , Dubuc-Kanary Laure-Anne , Duncan Paola K. , Dupuis Frédérique , El-Nounou Sara , Eyangos Christina N. , Ferguson Natasha K. , Flores-Chinchilla Nancy R. , Fotakis Tanya , Gado Oumarou H D Mariam , Georgiev Metodi , Ghiassy Seyedehnazanin , Glibetic Natalija , Grégoire Bouchard Julien , Hassan Tazkia , Huseen Iman , Ibuna Quilatan Marlon-Francis , Iozzo Tania , Islam Safina , Jaunky Dilan B. , Jeyasegaram Aniththa , Johnston Marc-André , Kahler Matthew R. , Kaler Kiranpreet , Kamani Cedric , Karimian Rad Hessam , Konidis Elisavet , Konieczny Filip , Kurianowicz Sandra , Lamothe Philippe , Legros Karina , Leroux Sebastien , Li Jun , Lozano Rodriguez Monica E. , Luponio-Yoffe Sean , Maalouf Yara , Mantha Jessica , McCormick Melissa , Mondragon Pamela , Narayana Thivaedee , Neretin Elizaveta , Nguyen Thi T. T. , Niu Ian , Nkemazem Romeo B. , O'Donovan Martin , Oueis Matthew , Paquette Stevens , Patel Nehal , Pecsi Emily , Peters Jackie , Pettorelli Annie , Poirier Cassandra , Pompa Victoria R. , Rajen Harshvardhan , Ralph Reginald-Olivier , Rosales-Vasquez Josué , Rubinshtein Daria , Sakr Surya , Sebai Mohammad S. , Serravalle Lisa , Sidibe Fily , Sinnathurai Ahnjana , Soho Dominique , Sundarakrishnan Adithi , Svistkova Veronika , Ugbeye Tsolaye E. , Vasconcelos Megan S. , Vincelli Michael , Voitovich Olga , Vrabel Pamela , Wang Lu , Wasfi Maryse , Zha Cong Y. , Gamberi Chiara TITLE=Human Gut Microbiota: Toward an Ecology of Disease JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology VOLUME=8 YEAR=2017 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01265 DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2017.01265 ISSN=1664-302X ABSTRACT=

Composed of trillions of individual microbes, the human gut microbiota has adapted to the uniquely diverse environments found in the human intestine. Quickly responding to the variances in the ingested food, the microbiota interacts with the host via reciprocal biochemical signaling to coordinate the exchange of nutrients and proper immune function. Host and microbiota function as a unit which guards its balance against invasion by potential pathogens and which undergoes natural selection. Disturbance of the microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, is often associated with human disease, indicating that, while there seems to be no unique optimal composition of the gut microbiota, a balanced community is crucial for human health. Emerging knowledge of the ecology of the microbiota-host synergy will have an impact on how we implement antibiotic treatment in therapeutics and prophylaxis and how we will consider alternative strategies of global remodeling of the microbiota such as fecal transplants. Here we examine the microbiota-human host relationship from the perspective of the microbial community dynamics.