AUTHOR=Raymond Eder María L. , Reynoso Cristina , Lauret Santiago C. , Rosa Alberto L. 

TITLE=Isolation and Identification of the Indigenous Yeast Population during Spontaneous Fermentation of Isabella (Vitis labrusca L.) Grape Must

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00532

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2017.00532

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Grape must harbors a complex community of yeast species responsible for spontaneous alcoholic fermentation. Although there are detailed studies on the microbiota of <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> L. grapes, less is known about the diversity and behavior of yeast communities present on fermenting grape must from other species of <italic>Vitis</italic>. In this work, we used a culture-dependent method to study the identity and dynamics of the indigenous yeast population present during the spontaneous fermentation of Isabella (<italic>Vitis labrusca</italic> L.) grape must. Alcoholic fermentation was conducted using standard enological practices, and the associated non-<italic>Saccharomyces</italic> and <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic> yeast community was analyzed using selective growth media and 5.8-ITS DNA sequencing. <italic>Candida californica, Candida hellenica, Starmerella bacillaris</italic> (synonym <italic>Candida zemplinina</italic>), <italic>Hanseniaspora uvarum</italic>, and <italic>Hanseniaspora vineae</italic> were the main non-<italic>Saccharomyces</italic> species identified on Isabella fermenting must. <italic>Issatchenkia hanoiensis</italic>, a yeast species rarely found on <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> L. grapes, was also recognized on Isabella grape must. <italic>Candida azymoides, Candida californica</italic> and <italic>Pichia cecembensis</italic>, identified in this work on Isabella fermenting must, have not previously been found on <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> L. grape must. Interestingly, <italic>C. azymoides, I. hanoiensis</italic> and <italic>P. cecembensis</italic> have recently been isolated from the surface of <italic>Vitis labrusca</italic> L. grapes from vineyards in the Azores archipelago, suggesting that specific <italic>Vitis</italic>-yeast species associations are formed independently of geographic origin. We suggest that <italic>C. azymoides, C. californica</italic>, and <italic>P. cecembensis</italic> are yeast species preferentially associated with <italic>Vitis labrusca</italic> L. grapes. Specific biological interactions between grapevines and yeast species may underlie the assembly of differential <italic>Vitis</italic>-microbial communities.</p>