AUTHOR=Capece Angela , Granchi Lisa , Guerrini Simona , Mangani Silvia , Romaniello Rossana , Vincenzini Massimo , Romano Patrizia 

TITLE=Diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Isolated from Two Italian Wine-Producing Regions

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01018

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2016.01018

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Numerous studies, based on different molecular techniques analyzing DNA polymorphism, have provided evidence that indigenous <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> populations display biogeographic patterns. Since the differentiated populations of <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic> seem to be responsible for the regional identity of wine, the aim of this work was to assess a possible relationship between the diversity and the geographical origin of indigenous <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic> isolates from two different Italian wine-producing regions (Tuscany and Basilicata). For this purpose, sixty-three isolates from <italic>Aglianico del Vulture</italic> grape must (main <italic>cultivar</italic> in the Basilicata region) and from <italic>Sangiovese</italic> grape must (main <italic>cultivar</italic> in the Tuscany region) were characterized genotypically, by mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis and MSP-PCR by using (GTG)<sub>5</sub> primers, and phenotypically, by determining technological properties and metabolic compounds of oenological interest after alcoholic fermentation. All the <italic>S</italic>. <italic>cerevisiae</italic> isolates from each region were inoculated both in must obtained from <italic>Aglianico</italic> grape and in must obtained from <italic>Sangiovese</italic> grape to carry out fermentations at laboratory-scale. Numerical analysis of DNA patterns resulting from both molecular methods and principal component analysis of phenotypic data demonstrated a high diversity among the <italic>S</italic>. <italic>cerevisiae</italic> strains. Moreover, a correlation between genotypic and phenotypic groups and geographical origin of the strains was found, supporting the concept that there can be a microbial aspect to <italic>terroir</italic>. Therefore, exploring the diversity of indigenous <italic>S</italic>. <italic>cerevisiae</italic> strains can allow developing tailored strategies to select wine yeast strains better adapted to each viticultural area.</p>