AUTHOR=Hordijk Joost , Schoormans Anky , Kwakernaak Mandy , Duim Birgitta , Broens Els , Dierikx Cindy , Mevius Dik , Wagenaar Jaap A.

TITLE=High prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cats and dogs

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=4

YEAR=2013

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00242

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2013.00242

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> have been reported worldwide amongst isolates obtained from humans, food-producing animals, companion animals, and environmental sources. However, data on prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL/AmpC producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> in healthy companion animals is limited. This pilot study describes the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC encoding genes in healthy cats and dogs, and cats and dogs with diarrhea. Twenty fecal samples of each group were cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and in LB-enrichment broth supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime, which was subsequently inoculated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime. ESBL/AmpC genes were identified using the Check-Points CT103 micro array kit and subsequently by sequencing analysis. Chromosomal <italic>ampC</italic> promoter mutations were detected by PCR and sequencing analysis. From the healthy and diarrheic dogs, respectively 45 and 55% were positive for <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> with reduced susceptibility for cefotaxime. From the healthy and diarrheic cats, the estimated prevalence was respectively 0 and 25%. One diarrheic cat was positive for both reduced susceptible <italic>E.</italic><italic>coli</italic> and <italic>Proteus mirabilis</italic>. The ESBL/AmpC genes found in this study were mainly <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX-M-1</sub>, but also<italic> bla</italic><sub>CTX-M-14</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub>CTX-M-15</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub>TEM-52-StPaul</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub>SHV-12</sub>, and <italic>bla</italic><sub>CMY-2</sub> were detected. This pilot study showed that the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> in healthy and diarrheic dogs, and diarrheic cats was relatively high. Furthermore, the genes found were similar to those found in isolates of both human and food-producing animal origin. However, since the size of this study was relatively small, extrapolation of the data to the general population of cats and dogs should be done with great care.</p>