Editorial: Innovative Trends in Vitreoretinal Surgery -New Technologies and Smart Ideas

Maurizio Mete^1*Antonio Moramarco¹David Cordeiro Sousa²

• ¹Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
• ²The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Since the early days of vitreoretinal surgery, the field has been characterized by continuous innovation. The introduction of the vitrectomy machine in the 1970s marked the start of a new surgical era, allowing safe and controlled removal of the vitreous body. Subsequent breakthroughs-including the use of silicone oil, perfluorocarbon liquids, wide-field viewing systems, vital dyes, and membrane peeling techniques-have consistently enhanced the safety, efficacy, and scope of surgical interventions.This special issue of Frontiers in Medicine captures the latest stage of this progress, presenting new technologies and creative solutions that continue to reshape vitreoretinal surgery.A prominent trend is the shift toward miniaturization and minimal invasiveness. Li et al. demonstrate how the ultra-short 27-gauge vitrectomy system, applied in pediatric cataract surgeries, offers excellent surgical outcomes with greater efficacy, minimal trauma and faster recovery times [1].Another significant contribution comes from Liu et al., who discuss a T-shaped pars plana scleral incision technique for the removal of large intraocular foreign bodies. This method provides an elegant solution for managing complex cases, highlighting the importance of surgical techniques and decision-making in order improve surgical safety [2].The integration of biological materials is another area of active exploration. Caporossi et al. discuss the expanding role of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) in posterior segment surgery, emphasizing its applications in macula hole repair and optic disc pit maculopathy surgical management [3].Technological innovation continues to play a central role. Romano et al. illustrate how intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT)-integrated microscopes provide realtime visualization of ocular tissues, enabling surgeons to better plan and perform delicate maneuvers with increased precision [4].Robotic assistance, as reviewed by Handa et al., holds the promise of improving dexterity, stability, and reducing surgeon fatigue -potentially transforming the way some of the vitreoretinal techniques will be performed in the near future [5].Equally crucial is the evolution of surgical training. Qian et al. present RetinaVR, a portable and cost-effective virtual reality simulator that will contribute to democratize the access to high-quality vitreoretinal surgery skills training [6].As retinal specialists, we are a privileged cohort. The contributions in this special issue reflect a field that is becoming increasingly precise, safe, and tailored to individual patient needs. Innovations such as improved visualization systems, intraoperative OCT, and advanced simulation tools are setting new standards in clinical practice.Looking ahead, there is also growing recognition of the need for environmental sustainability. The reduction of fluorinated gases and disposable materials is one area where future technologies can make a meaningful impact, ensuring that the evolution of vitreoretinal surgery aligns with broader global responsibilities.