Efficacy and safety of hydromorphone for postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial

Qi Wang¹Yuanyuan Zhao²Bin Ling³Xiangxiang Chen³Yayun Xie³Haibo Zhao³Jiangang Zhang³Wei Wang^3*Jie Lv³

• ¹Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, China
• ²First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan, Anhui Province, China
• ³Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, Liaoning Province, China

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydromorphone in postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for orthopedic surgery patients, offering a reference for postoperative pain management in this patient population.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial involving 80 patients aged 23 to 64 years undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. All participants were randomly assigned to the test group (Group H) and the control group (Group C) by the random number table method. In Group H, hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg) and palonosetron (4 μg/kg) diluted to 150 ml with saline were used for PCIA, while in Group C, sufentanil (2 μg/kg) and palonosetron (4 μg/kg) were diluted to the same volume. Postoperative pain was assessed using the resting Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. The total and effective PCIA button presses within 48 hours, along with the number of remedial analgesia cases, were recorded. Ramsay, Awakening time, extubation time, hospital stay duration, and adverse events within 48 hours postoperatively were also recorded.Results: Compared to Group C, Group H had significantly lower VAS scores at 2 and 6 hours, as well as Ramsay, SDS, and PSQI scores at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively (all p < 0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of dizziness and drowsiness within 48 hours postoperatively was significantly reduced in Group H (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively).Hydromorphone-based PCIA enhances early postoperative pain relief in orthopedic surgery patients, alleviates postoperative depression and sleep disturbances, and reduces the incidence of dizziness and drowsiness.