The Mystery of the "Air-dried Chaplain" solved: the Life and "Afterlife" of an unusual Human Mummy from 18 th century Austria

Andreas G. Nerlich ^1* Peter Hofer ² Stephanie Panzer ³ Christine Lehn ¹ Judith Wimmer ⁴ Oskar Nowak ⁵ Frank Musshoff ⁶ Oliver K Peschel ¹

• ¹ Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
• ² Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
• ³ Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
• ⁴ Department of Art and Heritage Conservation, diozese Linz, Linz, Austria
• ⁵ Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland
• ⁶ Forensic Toxicological Centre Munich, Munich, Germany

The multidisciplinary study of the well preserved cadaver of the so-called "air-dried chaplain" from the church crypt of St. Thomas am Blasenstein (Upper Austria) not only solved the "mystery" of the excellent preservation of the trunk of this unusual mummified human body, but also provided circumstantial information about this historic individual, his life and disease history, and conclusion of his cause of death. The mummy of a 35 to 45 year old male, radiocarbon dated to the period 1730-1780 CE is most likely that of the local aristocratic parish vicar Franz Xaver Sidler von Rosenegg who had been temporarily delegated to St.Thomas parish from his mother monastery of Waldhausen im Strudengau (Upper Austria).He had a high-quality diet based on terrestrial animal products, showed no signs of major physical work load, was most likely a pipe smoker and suffered from chronic active pulmonary tuberculosis with peripheral and central (hilar) calcifications (primary tuberculous complex) and a right lower lobe cavity with focal heterotopic ossification and potential active inflammation. This latter may have caused acute pulmonary haemorrhage which may have been the cause of death. Most surprisingly, we detected, in the otherwise completely intact abdominal (and pelvic) cavity, extensive packing with foreign material which was identified as a mixture of wood chips, fragmented twigs, large amounts of fabric of various types including elaborate embroidered linen, and even pieces of silk. Furthermore, this embalming method seems to have included high level zinc-ion solution impregnation (most likely zinc-chloride with small amounts of arsenic) and the addition of copper. The packing was inserted into the abdominal body cavity through the rectum. It led to an excellent state of conservation of the trunk, while the face (and skull) and peripheral extremities were less well preserved.