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MINI REVIEW article
Front. Med.
Sec. Rheumatology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1558049
This article is part of the Research Topic Sarcoidosis Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Etiology View all 3 articles
A review of sarcoidosis etiology, diagnosis and treatment
Provisionally accepted
Yahya Mostafa Waly 
Abu-Baker Khalid Sharafeldin 
Muhammad Umair Akhtar 
Zaid Chilmeran 
Salim Fredericks *- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (Bahrain), Al Muharraq, Bahrain
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, leading to inflammation and potential organ dysfunction. Symptoms often start with general signs like fatigue, fever, and weight loss, but vary depending on the affected organ. Diagnosis is challenging due to its diverse clinical presentation and lack of a definitive test, while treatment is complicated by the disease's variable course, requiring a personalized approach. This review explores the role of genetic and environmental factors in sarcoidosis etiology, examines current challenges in diagnosis and treatment, and discusses how understanding etiology informs patient management and future treatment strategies.
Keywords: Sarcoidosis, granulomas, diagnosis, etiology, personalized treatment
Received: 09 Jan 2025; Accepted: 13 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Waly, Sharafeldin, Akhtar, Chilmeran and Fredericks. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Salim Fredericks, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (Bahrain), Al Muharraq, Bahrain
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