Exploring the influences of myopia in Xinjiang primary and secondary school students using propensity score matching

Xiaopeng Hu ^1,2 Xianyan Yuan ³ Hua Li ⁴ Haoxuan Gong ¹ Zhicong Fu ¹ Yuting Xie ¹ Lin Zhu ¹ Haina Chen ¹ Yingli Yang ¹ Dongsheng Rui ^1,2*

• ¹ School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
• ² Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China
• ³ Shihezi City Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shihezi, China
• ⁴ Kindergarten No. 5, Gaotai, zhangye, China

OBJECTIVE: Due to the high prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Shihezi City in recent years, this study was conducted to understand the prevalence and the factors influencing it, and to provide a scientific basis for future interventions to improve, protect, and promote the visual health of these students.The study population consisted of primary and secondary school students in Shihezi City. Stratified random sampling was employed for participant selection. Schools were first randomly chosen from both urban and rural areas of Shihezi City, followed by grade-level stratification within each selected school. Two classes per grade were randomly designated as sample classes. All students underwent vision screening. Students in Grade 4 and above completed questionnaires to investigate myopia-associated factors. To control for confounding effects, four variables-grade level, gender, urban/rural residence, and parental myopia status-were matched and analyzed using propensity score matching.A total of 6,732 individuals were surveyed in this study, with 6,092 ultimately included (participation rate: 90.49%), of whom boys represented 51.10%. The overall prevalence of myopia was 59.55%. The prevalence of myopia in urban areas was 68.17%, while in rural areas it was 42.42%, a difference that was statistically significant. Risk factors for myopia included being female, having myopic parents, engaging in close-distance reading or writing, sleeping less than 8 hours per night, and receiving education at an older age.Protective factors against myopia were attending school in a rural area, watching television from more than 3 meters away, and having received a vision examination at least once in the past year. CONCLUSION: Myopia rates in Shihezi City are higher than the national average and increase gradually with school age. In addition to inherent factors such as gender, receiving education at an older age, and genetic predisposition, myopia prevention strategies should include proper sitting posture, good eye habits, and health promotion measures.