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CASE REPORT article

Front. Med.
Sec. Dermatology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1536774

A case report: The first case of Mpox in a patient with HIV in Burundi

Provisionally accepted
Doriane Sabushimike Doriane Sabushimike 1*Marc Nimburanira Marc Nimburanira 2Esther Freeman Esther Freeman 3,4,5Déo Simbarariye Déo Simbarariye 2Armel Nzeyimana Armel Nzeyimana 6Wendemagegn Enbiale Wendemagegn Enbiale 7
  • 1 Kamenge Military Hospital, Internal Medecine Department , Dermatology Unit, Bujumbura, Burundi
  • 2 Kamenge Military Hospital, Internal Medecine Derpatment Bujumbura, Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
  • 3 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
  • 4 Department of Dermatology Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
  • 5 Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
  • 6 Bujumbura Center Health District, Bujumbura, Burundi
  • 7 Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Introduction: Mpox is a viral disease primarily affecting individuals in endemic regions. The 2022 outbreak saw HIV-positive individuals disproportionately affected. This report describes the first case of Mpox in Burundi in an HIV-positive patient with advanced disease confirmed by the national laboratory early in the 2024 outbreak.Case Presentation: A 50-year-old female presented with pustular and necrotic skin lesions, vulval ulcers, and systemic symptoms. She was diagnosed with HIV on initial presentation, and ultimately, despite initial misdiagnosis, was confirmed to have Mpox co-infection. Complications included secondary bacterial infection, severe pain, and prolonged healing.HIV coinfection can exacerbate Mpox, leading to severe clinical presentations. Early recognition and HIV screening in Mpox patients are essential.

    Keywords: mpox, HIV, Coinfection, investigation, complications

    Received: 29 Nov 2024; Accepted: 24 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Sabushimike, Nimburanira, Freeman, Simbarariye, Nzeyimana and Enbiale. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Doriane Sabushimike, Kamenge Military Hospital, Internal Medecine Department , Dermatology Unit, Bujumbura, Burundi

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