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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Nephrology
Volume 12 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1516029
This article is part of the Research Topic Molecular Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Disease - Volume II View all 6 articles
Association between cardiac metabolic index and diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999-2018
Provisionally accepted- 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- 2 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Region, China
- 3 China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
- 4 Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
The Cardiac Metabolic Index (CMI) is a comprehensive metabolic indicator, but studies on its relationship with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) are limited. We aim to explore the association between CMI and DKD.We obtained participant-related data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including complete information on DKD, CMI, and other covariates. We employed weighted multivariable logistic regression models to assess the correlation between CMI and DKD, using restricted cubic spline models to evaluate potential non-linear relationships, and conducted subgroup analyses and interaction tests to assess the robustness of the results regarding the correlation between CMI and DKD. Additionally, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare the performance of CMI in identifying DKD relative to other metabolic indices such as a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP).According to the logistic regression analysis, a positive correlation between CMI and DKD was observed among the 2,371 participants included in the study (β=1.40, 95% CI: 1.19-1.66). RCS analysis indicated that this relationship is nonlinear; when CMI is converted from a continuous variable to quartiles, the prevalence of DKD in the highest quartile increased by 84% compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24-2.72). The AUC of CMI for identifying DKD was 0.67, outperforming other indices. The results of subgroup analyses and interaction tests were stable.Increased CMI is associated with a higher prevalence of DKD. Compared to ABSI, BRI, VAI, and LAP, CMI has a stronger predictive ability for DKD.
Keywords: Cardiac metabolic index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic kidney disease, Cross-sectional study, Restricted cubic spline
Received: 23 Oct 2024; Accepted: 06 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Liang, Yan and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Cuiying Liang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Region, China
Qingzheng Li, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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