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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Med.
Sec. Ophthalmology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1512959
This article is part of the Research Topic Epidemiological Characteristics of Ocular Trauma Globally and Their Clinical Implications View all 3 articles

The trends and future projections of intraocular foreign bodies among children and adolescents: a global analysis

Provisionally accepted
Zupeng Lu Zupeng Lu 1Xin Dan Xing Xin Dan Xing 2Wen Li Wen Li 1*Tong Qiao Tong Qiao 1*
  • 1 Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
  • 2 Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: The aim was to evaluate the disease burden of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) among children and adolescents globally based on the Global Burden of Disease, Injury, and Risk Factor Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Methods: Data were extracted from the GBD 2021. The incidence and DALYs number and rate with 95% uncertainty interval (UI) and estimated annual percent change (EAPC) of IOFBs were estimated by age, sex and SDI region. A Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis model was used to predict trends in the next ten years. Results: Globally, it is estimated that the incidence number of IOFBs among children and adolescents increased from 5842769.65 in 1990 to 6154651.76 in 2021, while the age-specific incidence rate decreased from 258.69 in 1990 to 233.50 in 2021, with a EAPC being -0.54. The 15-19 years group had the highest incidence and DALYs number, while 0-4 years group had the lowest. The projective model indicates that the burden for IOFBs will rise sharply in the next ten years. Conclusion: The global incidence and disease burden of blindness and vision loss in children and adolescents due to IOFB have shown a slight decline from 1990 to 2021. However, there may be a significant upward trend in the future, which requires the vigilant attention of policymakers.

    Keywords: global, Intraocular foreign bodies, GBD, Bayesian age-period-cohort, SDI

    Received: 17 Oct 2024; Accepted: 28 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Lu, Xing, Li and Qiao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Wen Li, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
    Tong Qiao, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.